Electoral College

Solution to current election problem

Please publish these ideas in whatever shape form or fashion you see fit.

The original text of the Constitution is included along with a commentary by Joseph Story and a commentary on Justice Story. Thank you for considering what I ask.

If the American people would understand the form of government guaranteed to us by the Constitution, as quoted below, and explained by men like Noah Webster... and if they would read and consider the significance of words in that same Constitution about the Election Process as included below, then perhaps, we could again follow the wisdom of those who shed blood and fortune for this great nation. Then our problems would be solved. Even see George Washington's Farewell Address taught in our schools again would help too.

The text of good lessons is included below:

Please send this information along to your contacts. Thank you.

I offer this information and suggest it be made available to cbs, nbc, newspapers, radio and the like for national dissemination.

I have included url addresses for the text presented below and hope it will enable others to understand what direction we need to take for future elections, and also to help resolve this election. The people need to understand that section of our Constitution which says what form of government has been guaranteed to us.

I suspect John Dewey has accomplished his goal all to well. His goal was clearly expressed in his book titled Education and Democracy. He planned a gradual process of eliminating the idea of a republic and replacing it, via public school education, with the idea of a pure democracy. The news seems to shout that people now believe what Dewey, a penman of the Humanist Manifesto wanted them to believe. Also the people do not know what Dewey did not want them to know. Dewey gets a grade of 100 or at least an A+ on those to goals of his to change American understanding.

On our current problem and the solution envisioned by the Founding Fathers and recorded within the original intent of our Constitution. If only we could return to the wisdom of their words instead of thinking our modern ways are better. Step back from Case Law and reconsider their law as plainly recorded for all to see. Then the problem we face will be overcome through the original mechanism set in place through the wisdom of those who established this great nation.

The Founders, in their wisdom established a system which would have prevented the problem we now endure. Unfortunately, the original intent has not been taught in schools for generations. Consequently, few today are even aware of that great wisdom and its purpose.

Sadly, the idea of the form of government which was guaranteed to the people by the Constitution of the People, is mostly unknown. Go to your teachers and ask, even entreat if necessary, that they read to you the words on this subject written by men who knew the original intent. Men like Noah Webster and Joseph Story.

This letter contains text from Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story and our Constitution:
1. Who was Joseph Story? http://www.constitution.org/js/js_001.htm
2. The Election Process as defined in the Constitution.
3. The form of government guaranteed by the Constitution. www.constitution.org/js/js_006.htm

The two step solution to our current problem is in the application of the Constitutional election process in the light of understanding the guaranteed form of government. Please read below.

SECTION 4. of the Constitution

1. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence.

Few today know what Section 4 means. The Founding Fathers cry out for all to hear the story of what they experienced and learned which moved them to write Section 4.
Begin again to teach it all in all schools of America. The understanding of Section 4 is intimately connected with the Election Process as defined in the Constitution. Please tell America what all this means.

1. Introduction to Joseph Story and his 1833 commentary on the Constitution Introduction by Arthur E. Sutherland This reprint of Joseph Story's 1833 Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States provides a welcome revival for a significant work in the literature of American constitutionalism. Today, a century and a third after Story's book first appeared, the fundamental law of the American republic is under more intense scrutiny than at any time since 1789, when the Constitution first became effective. Most of the urgent questions of present day domestic policy turn on the division of power to govern between the states and the national government. Allocation of national effort by means of heavier national taxation and selective federal expenditure; increasingly comprehensive control of the nation's economy under national legislation effectuated by federal administrators; more and more strict supervision of the administration of justice by federal courts which often irk state prosecutors and judges; readjustment of race relations, of labor relations, of land use in urban complexes — all relate in one way or another to a shift in governmental power from the local to the national. Every change in government restricts some men for the benefit of others, and men so restricted are apt, under our system, to cry out that the change is unconstitutional. Story's Constitution is immensely useful for evaluating the arguments of those who contend that diminished local authority and the shift toward national control are counter to our historic constitutional ways. Story wrote, of course, before the Civil War, and before the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments had institutionalized that war's results and had emphasized the diminution of state sovereignty which the Union victory had demonstrated. He wrote before the dramatic efflorescence of technology, of transportation and communication, which followed the peace of 1865, and which made inevitably necessary an increasing federal control of all the ensuing aggregate of mechanical and human apparatus — railroad trains, electric power lines, radio broadcasts do not stop at state lines. And he wrote before the Income Tax Amendment of 1913 had increased federal power to canalize public revenue and expenditure, thereby still further centralizing the total government of the nation. But the perceptive reader of Story's 1833 book sees that the author, a justice of the United States Supreme Court and Dane Professor of Law at Harvard, was a fully committed believer in Chief Justice John Marshall's broad concept of national power. The details of federal concern have changed, but Story was ready, a century and a third ago, to find the government of the United States adequate to the tasks of its time and to find in the Supreme Court ample powers to carry out its share of expanded national duties. His Constitution treatise has a lesson for our own time. Story was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, in 1779, graduated from Harvard in 1798, read law in Samuel Sewall's office in Marblehead, was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1801, and began practice in Salem. Essex County was a strong center of the John Adams Federalists. Young Story turned instead toward Jefferson's Republican Party, ancestor of the present Democrats, a move undoubtedly fortunate for his later career. He was elected to the state legislature in 1805 and to the House of Representatives in 1808. In the time not allotted to his law practice and political activity, he began his career as a writer on legal subjects. He started with an annotated Selection of Pleadings in Civil Actions (1805), and then went on to produce American editions of standard English treatises on commercial paper, on the law of shipping, and on legal procedure — areas in which American lawyers still followed English precedent. In 1810 Story appeared in the Supreme Court as successful counsel for one John Peck in the first case in which that Court held invalid a state statute on the ground that it violated the United States Constitution. 1 In 1811, when Story was only thirty-two years old, President Madison appointed him an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The work of the Supreme Court itself was much lighter in 1811 than it is now, but the individual justices were then required to go on circuit in various parts of the United States, where, as circuit justices, they presided over trials in the circuit courts and heard appeals from the federal district courts. Thus Story not only sat on the Supreme Court in Washington several months each year, but he also held circuit courts in New Hampshire, Massachusetts (part of which became Maine in 1820), and Rhode Island. With all of these judicial duties, he nevertheless continued his writing. In 1829 Harvard appointed him Dane Professor of Law on the understanding that, like Blackstone at Oxford before him, he would not only lecture on various legal topics, but would publish those lectures as treatises. Harvard also contemplated that Story would remain on the Supreme Court, and he thus continued both as associate justice and as professor of law until he died in September, 1845. 2 In January, 1832, Story published the first offshoot of his Dane professorship, a book on the Law of Bailments. This was a practical treatise, not novel, useful in its day, now read only by legal antiquarians. A year later he published the second treatise of his Dane chair, the three volume Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States; With a Preliminary Review of the Constitutional History of the Colonies and States, Before the Adoption of the Constitution. Of the nine books which Story wrote during his Dane professorship, his Constitution has been the most read, the most reprinted. Story's Constitution was not the first American book on the subject. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay had written the Federalist Papers, which appeared serially in newspapers in 1787-1788 and which ever since, as published in book form and republished in numerous editions, has remained an invaluable commentary. The first volume of St. George Tucker's 1803 edition of Blackstone contained, as a 237-page appendix, a "View of the Constitution of the United States." Thomas Sergeant published his Constitutional Law in Philadelphia in 1822; a second edition appeared in 1830. William Rawle published his View of the Constitution in Philadelphia in 1825. Rawle's book is now principally remembered because he expressed in it the view that any state of the Union could constitutionally secede if the unequivocal voices of the state's people so determined. Rawle's text was used for instruction at West Point when the men who came to lead the Confederate armies in 1861-1865 were cadets. Kent's Commentaries of 1826 and Dane's Abridgment of 1823-1829 contained much constitutional commentary. Story was familiar with all these works. But none of these earlier books had a sweep even approaching that of Story's Constitution; no one of their authors had Story's equipment. He had been a young lawyer when the Jefferson-Marshall antagonism came to a head in 1803 in the Supreme Court's Marbury v. Madison, 3 which established that Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional — a power which Story vigorously supported thirty years later in his Constitution. 4 He had been counsel in the first case to hold a state statute unconstitutional. 5 He had sat on the Supreme Court from 1811 while Marshall's doctrines of strong national power were becoming entrenched, in a series of notable opinions, as the very foundations of American constitutionalism. And by 1833 he had mastered the art of authorship. His Constitution deserved its immediate popularity.

ARTICLE II. SECTION 1 .
l. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows:
2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress: but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector.
3. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, THE CONSTITUTION. xxv and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list the said house shall in like manner choose the president. But in choosing the president the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them by ballot the vice-president.
4. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States.

Sent by Larry Rice , e-mail ,url www.christianparents.com phone 940-766-3919 , address 4908 George, Wichita Falls, Tx 76302

Subject: informed voters???

Two Step Solution for Election Problem

Dramatically demonstrated by this election problem is the problem in education. A failure for generations to teach the Original Intent of the Constitution as clearly explained by early writers such as Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story and the First American Schoolmaster Noah Webster.

Resorting to the original intent would have avoided this problem we now face. The problem would have been resolved by the people instead of by the courts. All we have to do is restore the foundations. Please publish these ideas in whatever shape form or fashion you see fit. The original text of the Constitution is included along with a commentary by Joseph Story and a commentary on Justice Story. Thank you for considering what I ask.

Please send this information along to your contacts. Thank you.

I offer this information and suggest it be made available to cbs, nbc, newspapers, radio and the like for national dissemination.

The helpful text is found below my signature here. I have included url addresses for the text presented below and hope it will enable others to understand what direction we need to take for future elections, and also to help resolve this election. The people need to understand that section of our Constitution which says what form of government has been guaranteed to us.

This letter contains text from Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story and our Constitution: 1. Who was Joseph Story? http://www.constitution.org/js/js_001.htm 2. The Election Process as defined in the Constitution. 3. The form of government guaranteed by the Constitution. www.constitution.org/js/js_006.htm

The two step solution to our current problem is in the application of the Constitutional election process in the light of understanding the guaranteed form of government. Please read below.

SECTION 4. 1. The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. Few today know what Section 4 means. The Founding Fathers cry out for all to hear the story of what they experienced and learned which moved them to write Section 4. Begin again to teach it all in all schools of America. The understanding of Section 4 is intimately connected with the Election Process as defined in the Constitution. Please tell America what all this means. 1. Introduction to Joseph Story and his 1833 commentary on the Constitution Introduction by Arthur E. Sutherland This reprint of Joseph Story's 1833 Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States provides a welcome revival for a significant work in the literature of American constitutionalism. Today, a century and a third after Story's book first appeared, the fundamental law of the American republic is under more intense scrutiny than at any time since 1789, when the Constitution first became effective. Most of the urgent questions of present day domestic policy turn on the division of power to govern between the states and the national government. Allocation of national effort by means of heavier national taxation and selective federal expenditure; increasingly comprehensive control of the nation's economy under national legislation effectuated by federal administrators; more and more strict supervision of the administration of justice by federal courts which often irk state prosecutors and judges; readjustment of race relations, of labor relations, of land use in urban complexes — all relate in one way or another to a shift in governmental power from the local to the national. Every change in government restricts some men for the benefit of others, and men so restricted are apt, under our system, to cry out that the change is unconstitutional. Story's Constitution is immensely useful for evaluating the arguments of those who contend that diminished local authority and the shift toward national control are counter to our historic constitutional ways. Story wrote, of course, before the Civil War, and before the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments had institutionalized that war's results and had emphasized the diminution of state sovereignty which the Union victory had demonstrated. He wrote before the dramatic efflorescence of technology, of transportation and communication, which followed the peace of 1865, and which made inevitably necessary an increasing federal control of all the ensuing aggregate of mechanical and human apparatus — railroad trains, electric power lines, radio broadcasts do not stop at state lines. And he wrote before the Income Tax Amendment of 1913 had increased federal power to canalize public revenue and expenditure, thereby still further centralizing the total government of the nation. But the perceptive reader of Story's 1833 book sees that the author, a justice of the United States Supreme Court and Dane Professor of Law at Harvard, was a fully committed believer in Chief Justice John Marshall's broad concept of national power. The details of federal concern have changed, but Story was ready, a century and a third ago, to find the government of the United States adequate to the tasks of its time and to find in the Supreme Court ample powers to carry out its share of expanded national duties. His Constitution treatise has a lesson for our own time. Story was born in Marblehead, Massachusetts, in 1779, graduated from Harvard in 1798, read law in Samuel Sewall's office in Marblehead, was admitted to the Massachusetts Bar in 1801, and began practice in Salem. Essex County was a strong center of the John Adams Federalists. Young Story turned instead toward Jefferson's Republican Party, ancestor of the present Democrats, a move undoubtedly fortunate for his later career. He was elected to the state legislature in 1805 and to the House of Representatives in 1808. In the time not allotted to his law practice and political activity, he began his career as a writer on legal subjects. He started with an annotated Selection of Pleadings in Civil Actions (1805), and then went on to produce American editions of standard English treatises on commercial paper, on the law of shipping, and on legal procedure — areas in which American lawyers still followed English precedent. In 1810 Story appeared in the Supreme Court as successful counsel for one John Peck in the first case in which that Court held invalid a state statute on the ground that it violated th e United States Constitution. 1 In 1811, when Story was only thirty-two years old, President Madison appointed him an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. The work of the Supreme Court itself was much lighter in 1811 than it is now, but the individual justices were then required to go on circuit in various parts of the United States, where, as circuit justices, they presided over trials in the circuit courts and heard appeals from the federal district courts. Thus Story not only sat on the Supreme Court in Washington several months each year, but he also held circuit courts in New Hampshire, Massachusetts (part of which became Maine in 1820), and Rhode Island. With all of these judicial duties, he nevertheless continued his writing. In 1829 Harvard appointed him Dane Professor of Law on the understanding that, like Blackstone at Oxford before him, he would not only lecture on various legal topics, but would publish those lectures as treatises. Harvard also contemplated that Story would remain on the Supreme Court, and he thus continued both as associate justice and as professor of law until he died in September, 1845. 2 In January, 1832, Story published the first offshoot of his Dane professorship, a book on the Law of Bailments. This was a practical treatise, not novel, useful in its day, now read only by legal antiquarians. A year later he published the second treatise of his Dane chair, the three volume Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States; With a Preliminary Review of the Constitutional History of the Colonies and States, Before the Adoption of the Constitution. Of the nine books which Story wrote during his Dane professorship, his Constitution has been the most read, the most reprinted. Story's Constitution was not the first American book on the subject. Hamilton, Madison, and Jay had written the Federalist Papers, which appeared serially in newspapers in 1787-1788 and which ever since, as published in book form and republished in numerous editions, has remained an invaluable commentary. The first volume of St. George Tucker's 1803 edition of Blackstone contained, as a 237-page appendix, a "View of the Constitution of the United States." Thomas Sergeant published his Constitutional Law in Philadelphia in 1822; a second edition appeared in 1830. William Rawle published his View of the Constitution in Philadelphia in 1825. Rawle's book is now principally remembered because he expressed in it the view that any state of the Union could constitutionally secede if the unequivocal voices of the state's people so determined. Rawle's text was used for instruction at West Point when the men who came to lead the Confederate armies in 1861-1865 were cadets. Kent's Commentaries of 1826 and Dane's Abridgment of 1823-1829 contained much constitutional commentary. Story was familiar with all these works. But none of these earlier books had a sweep even approaching that of Story's Constitution; no one of their authors had Story's equipment. He had been a young lawyer when the Jefferson-Marshall antagonism came to a head in 1803 in the Supreme Court's Marbury v. Madison, 3 which established that Court's power to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional — a power which Story vigorously supported thirty years later in his Constitution. 4 He had been counsel in the first case to hold a state statute unconstitutional. 5 He had sat on the Supreme Court from 1811 while Marshall's doctrines of strong national power were becoming entrenched, in a series of notable opinions, as the very foundations of American constitutionalism. And by 1833 he had mastered the art of authorship. His Constitution deserved its immediate popularity. ARTICLE II. SECTION 1 . l. The executive power shall be vested in a president of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and together with the vice-president, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows: 2. Each state shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of electors equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the state may be entitled in the congress: but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 3. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two persons, of whom one at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for president; and if no person have a majority, then, from the five highest on the list the said house shall in like manner choose the president. But in choosing the president the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the president, the person having the greatest number of votes of the electors shall be the vice-president. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the senate shall choose from them by ballot the vice-president. 4. The congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. Sent by Larry Rice , e-mail ,url www.christianparents.com phone 940-766-3919 , address 4908 George, Wichita Falls, Tx 76302

Solution to current election problem

Subject: informed voters??? Two Step Solution for Election Problem Dramatically demonstrated by this election problem is the problem in education. A failure for generations to teach the Original Intent of the Constitution as clearly explained by early writers such as Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story and the First American Schoolmaster Noah Webster. Resorting to the original intent would have avoided this problem we now face. The problem would have been resolved by the people instead of by the courts. All we have to do is restore the foundations. Please publish these ideas in whatever shape form or fashion you see fit. The original text of the Constitution is included along with a commentary by Joseph Story and a commentary on Justice Story. Thank you for considering what I ask. If the American people would understand the form of government guaranteed to us by the Constitution, as quoted below, and explained by men like Noah Webster... and if they would read and consider the significance of words in that same Constitution about the Election Process as included below, then perhaps, we could again follow the wisdom of those who shed blood and fortune for this great nation. Then our problems would be solved. Even see George Washington's Farewell Address taught in our schools again would help too. The text of good lessons is included below: Please send this information along to your contacts. Thank you. I offer this information and suggest it be made available to cbs, nbc, newspapers, radio and the like for national dissemination. The helpful text is found below my signature here. I have included url addresses for the text presented below and hope it will enable others to understand what direction we need to take for future elections, and also to help resolve this election. The people need to understand that section of our Constitution which says what form of government has been guaranteed to us. I suspect John Dewey has accomplished his goal all to well. His goal was clearly expressed in his book titled Education and Democracy. He planned a gradual process of eliminating the idea of a republic and replacing it, via public school education, with the idea of a pure democracy. The news seems to shout that people now believe what Dewey, a penman of the Humanist Manifesto wanted them to believe. Also the people do not know what Dewey did not want them to know. Dewey gets a grade of 100 or at least an A+ on those to goals of his to change American understanding. Sincerely, Larry Rice

This letter contains text from Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story and our Constitution: 1. Who was Joseph Story? http://www.constitution.org/js/js_001.htm 2. The Election Process as defined in the Constitution. 3. The form of government guaranteed by the Constitution. www.constitution.org/js/js_006.htm

The two step solution to our current problem is in the application of the Constitutional election process in the light of understanding the guaranteed form of government. Please read below.